en zengin ailelerin listesi ne demek?

Dünyanın en zengin ailelerinin çeşitli listeleri (kraliyet aileleri veya otokratik iktidar hanedanları hariç) uluslararası olarak Forbes ve diğer iş dergileri tarafından yayınlanmaktadır.¹² Bloomberg'e göre, dünyanın en zengin 25 ailesi 1.4 trilyon dolar (1.400.000.000.000) serveti kontrol ediyor.³

Günümüz

<table> <thead> <tr class="header"> <th>Soyadı</th> <th>Üyeler</th> <th>data-sort-type=number |Servet Milyar Dolar (tahmini)</th> <th>Kaynak</th> <th>Ülke</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Walton_ailesi" title="wikilink">Walton</a><a href="#fn1" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref1" role="doc-noteref">1</a></td> <td><a href="Jim_Walton" title="wikilink">Jim Walton</a>, <a href="Alice_Walton" title="wikilink">Alice Walton</a>, <a href="S._Robson_Walton" title="wikilink">S. Robson Walton</a>, <a href="Lukas_Walton" title="wikilink">Lukas Walton</a>, <a href="Christy_Walton" title="wikilink">Christy Walton</a>, <a href="Ann_Walton_Kroenke" title="wikilink">Ann Walton Kroenke</a>, <a href="Nancy_Walton_Laurie" title="wikilink">Nancy Walton Laurie</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Wal-Mart" title="wikilink">Wal-Mart</a>, <a href="Sam's_Club" title="wikilink">Sam's Club</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Mars_ailesi" title="wikilink">Mars</a><a href="#fn2" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref2" role="doc-noteref">2</a></td> <td><a href="John_Franklyn_Mars" title="wikilink">John Franklyn Mars</a>, <a href="Jacqueline_Mars" title="wikilink">Jacqueline Mars</a>, <a href="Marijke_Mars" title="wikilink">Marijke Mars</a>, <a href="Pamela_Mars" title="wikilink">Pamela Mars</a>, <a href="Valerie_Mars" title="wikilink">Valerie Mars</a>, <a href="Victoria_Mars" title="wikilink">Victoria Mars</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Mars,_Incorporated" title="wikilink">Mars, Incorporated</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Koch_ailesi" title="wikilink">Koch</a><a href="#fn3" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref3" role="doc-noteref">3</a></td> <td><a href="Charles_Koch" title="wikilink">Charles Koch</a>, <a href="Julia_Koch" title="wikilink">Julia Koch</a>, <a href="Bill_Koch_(businessman)" title="wikilink">Bill Koch</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Koch_Industries" title="wikilink">Koch Industries</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Slim_aiesi" title="wikilink">Slim</a><a href="#fn4" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref4" role="doc-noteref">4</a></td> <td><a href="Carlos_Slim" title="wikilink">Carlos Slim</a>, <a href="Carlos_Slim_Domit" title="wikilink">Carlos Slim Domit</a>, Patrick Slim, Julián Slim</td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Grupo_Carso" title="wikilink">Grupo Carso</a></td> <td>Meksika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Ortega_ailesi" title="wikilink">Ortega</a><a href="#fn5" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref5" role="doc-noteref">5</a></td> <td><a href="Amancio_Ortega" title="wikilink">Amancio Ortega</a>, <a href="Rosalía_Mera" title="wikilink">Rosalía Mera</a>, <a href="Sandra_Ortega_Mera" title="wikilink">Sandra Ortega Mera</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Zara_(retailer)" title="wikilink">Zara</a></td> <td>İspanya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Wertheimer_ailesi" title="wikilink">Wertheimer</a><a href="#fn6" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref6" role="doc-noteref">6</a></td> <td><a href="Alain_Wertheimer" title="wikilink">Alain Wertheimer</a>, <a href="Gérard_Wertheimer" title="wikilink">Gérard Wertheimer</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Chanel" title="wikilink">Chanel</a></td> <td>Fransa</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Dumas_ailesi" title="wikilink">Dumas</a><a href="#fn7" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref7" role="doc-noteref">7</a></td> <td><a href="Pierre-Alexis_Dumas" title="wikilink">Pierre-Alexis Dumas</a>, <a href="Axel_Dumas" title="wikilink">Axel Dumas</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Hermès" title="wikilink">Hermès</a></td> <td>Fransa</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Van_Damme_aiesi" title="wikilink">Van Damme</a>, <a href="De_Spoelberch_aiesi" title="wikilink">De Spoelberch</a>, <a href="De_Mevius_aiesi" title="wikilink">De Mevius</a><a href="#fn8" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref8" role="doc-noteref">8</a></td> <td>Kolektif teşebbüslerinin kökleri 14. yüzyılda olan üç aile</td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Anheuser-Busch_InBev" title="wikilink">Anheuser-Busch InBev</a></td> <td>Belçika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Porsche_ailesi" title="wikilink">Porsche/Piëch</a><a href="#fn9" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref9" role="doc-noteref">9</a></td> <td>Hans Michel Piëch, <a href="Wolfgang_Porsche" title="wikilink">Wolfgang Porsche</a></td> <td><a href="#fn10" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref10" role="doc-noteref">10</a>}}</td> <td><a href="Volkswagen" title="wikilink">Volkswagen</a></td> <td>Avusturya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Boehringer_ailesi" title="wikilink">Boehringer</a>/<a href="Von_Baumbach_family" title="wikilink">Von Baumbach</a><a href="#fn11" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref11" role="doc-noteref">11</a></td> <td><a href="Albert_Boehringer" title="wikilink">Albert Boehringer</a>, <a href="Hubertus_von_Baumbach" title="wikilink">Hubertus von Baumbach</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td>İlaç şirketi <a href="Boehringer_Ingelheim" title="wikilink">Boehringer Ingelheim</a></td> <td>Almanya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Arnault_ailesi" title="wikilink">Arnault</a><a href="#fn12" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref12" role="doc-noteref">12</a></td> <td><a href="Bernard_Arnault" title="wikilink">Bernard Arnault</a>, <a href="Delphine_Arnault" title="wikilink">Delphine Arnault</a>, <a href="Antoine_Arnault" title="wikilink">Antoine Arnault</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="LVMH" title="wikilink">LVMH</a></td> <td>Fransa</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Kamprad_ailesi" title="wikilink">Kamprad</a><a href="#fn13" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref13" role="doc-noteref">13</a></td> <td><a href="Ingvar_Kamprad" title="wikilink">Ingvar Kamprad</a>, Peter Arras Feodor Kamprad, Hans Jonas Ingvar Kamprad, Niclas Achim Mathias Kamprad</td> <td>(2018)</td> <td><a href="IKEA" title="wikilink">IKEA</a></td> <td>İsveç/İsviçre</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Ambani_ailesi" title="wikilink">Ambani</a><a href="#fn14" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref14" role="doc-noteref">14</a></td> <td><a href="Mukesh_Ambani" title="wikilink">Mukesh Ambani</a>, <a href="Dhirubhai_Ambani" title="wikilink">Dhirubhai Ambani</a>, <a href="Nita_Ambani" title="wikilink">Nita Ambani</a>, Isha Ambani, Akash Ambani, <a href="Anil_Ambani" title="wikilink">Anil Ambani</a></td> <td><a href="#fn15" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref15" role="doc-noteref">15</a> (2019)</td> <td><a href="Reliance_Industries" title="wikilink">Reliance Industries</a>, <a href="Reliance_Jio_Infocomm" title="wikilink">Reliance Jio Infocomm</a>, <a href="Reliance_Retail" title="wikilink">Reliance Retail</a></td> <td>Hindistan</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Cargill-MacMillan" title="wikilink">Cargill-MacMillan</a><a href="#fn16" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref16" role="doc-noteref">16</a></td> <td><a href="Austen_Cargill" title="wikilink">Austen Cargill</a>, <a href="James_R._Cargill_II" title="wikilink">James R. Cargill II</a>, <a href="James_R._Cargill" title="wikilink">James R. Cargill</a>, <a href="William_Wallace_Cargill" title="wikilink">William Wallace Cargill</a>, <a href="Marion_MacMillan_Pictet" title="wikilink">Marion MacMillan Pictet</a>, <a href="Marianne_Cargill_Liebmann" title="wikilink">Marianne Cargill Liebmann</a>, <a href="Cargill_MacMillan_Sr." title="wikilink">Cargill MacMillan Sr.</a>, <a href="Cargill_MacMillan_Jr" title="wikilink">Cargill MacMillan Jr</a>, <a href="John_H._MacMillan_Sr." title="wikilink">John H. MacMillan Sr.</a>, <a href="John_H._MacMillan" title="wikilink">John H. MacMillan</a>, <a href="John_Hugh_MacMillan" title="wikilink">John Hugh MacMillan</a>, <a href="Whitney_MacMillan" title="wikilink">Whitney MacMillan</a>, <a href="Whitney_Duncan_MacMillan" title="wikilink">Whitney Duncan MacMillan</a></td> <td><a href="#fn17" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref17" role="doc-noteref">17</a> (2019)</td> <td><a href="Cargill" title="wikilink">Cargill</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Bettencourt" title="wikilink">Bettencourt</a><a href="#fn18" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref18" role="doc-noteref">18</a></td> <td><a href="Liliane_Bettencourt" title="wikilink">Liliane Bettencourt</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="L'Oréal" title="wikilink">L'Oréal</a></td> <td>Fransa</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Lee (Byung Chul)</td> <td><a href="Lee_Byung-chul" title="wikilink">Lee Byung-chul</a>, <a href="Lee_Kun-hee" title="wikilink">Lee Kun-hee</a>, Lee Jae Yong, Lee Boo Jin, Lee Jay Hyun, Lee Myung hee, Hong Ra hee, Hong Seok Joh, Chung Yong Jin</td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Samsung" title="wikilink">Samsung</a>, <a href="CJ_Group" title="wikilink">CJ Group</a>, <a href="Shinsegae" title="wikilink">Shinsegae</a>, <a href="Hansol" title="wikilink">Hansol</a>, BGF Retail</td> <td>Güney Kore</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Baron_Thomson_of_Fleet" title="wikilink">Thomson</a><a href="#fn19" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref19" role="doc-noteref">19</a><a href="#fn20" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref20" role="doc-noteref">20</a></td> <td><a href="David_Thomson,_3rd_Baron_Thomson_of_Fleet" title="wikilink">David Thomson</a>, <a href="Roy_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Thomson_of_Fleet" title="wikilink">Roy Thomson</a>, <a href="Peter_Thomson_(racing_driver)" title="wikilink">Peter Thomson</a>, <a href="Kenneth_Thomson,_2nd_Baron_Thomson_of_Fleet" title="wikilink">Kenneth Thomson</a></td> <td><a href="#fn21" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref21" role="doc-noteref">21</a> (2019)</td> <td><a href="Thomson_Reuters" title="wikilink">Thomson Reuters</a>, <a href="The_Woodbridge_Company" title="wikilink">The Woodbridge Company</a></td> <td>Kanada</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Reimann" title="wikilink">Reimann</a><a href="#fn22" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref22" role="doc-noteref">22</a></td> <td>Karl Ludwig Reimann, Renate Reimann-Haas, Wolfgang Reimann</td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="JAB_Holding_Company" title="wikilink">JAB Holding Company</a></td> <td>Almanya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Kwok" title="wikilink">Kwok</a><a href="#fn23" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref23" role="doc-noteref">23</a></td> <td><a href="Thomas_Kwok" title="wikilink">Thomas Kwok</a>, <a href="Raymond_Kwok" title="wikilink">Raymond Kwok</a>, <a href="Kwok_Tak-Seng" title="wikilink">Kwok Tak-Seng</a>, <a href="Kwong_Siu-hing" title="wikilink">Kwong Siu-hing</a>,</td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Sun_Hung_Kai_Properties" title="wikilink">Sun Hung Kai Properties</a></td> <td>Hong Kong</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Chearavanont" title="wikilink">Chearavanont</a><a href="#fn24" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref24" role="doc-noteref">24</a></td> <td><a href="Dhanin_Chearavanont" title="wikilink">Dhanin Chearavanont</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td></td> <td>Tayland</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="(Edward)_Johnson" title="wikilink">(Edward) Johnson</a><a href="#fn25" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref25" role="doc-noteref">25</a></td> <td><a href="Edward_C._Johnson_III" title="wikilink">Edward C. Johnson III</a>, <a href="Abigail_Johnson" title="wikilink">Abigail Johnson</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Fidelity_Investments" title="wikilink">Fidelity Investments</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Cox" title="wikilink">Cox</a><a href="#fn26" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref26" role="doc-noteref">26</a></td> <td><a href="Anne_Cox_Chambers" title="wikilink">Anne Cox Chambers</a>, <a href="James_M._Cox" title="wikilink">James M. Cox</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Cox_Enterprises" title="wikilink">Cox Enterprises</a> Co.</td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Quandt" title="wikilink">Quandt</a></td> <td><a href="Herbert_Quandt" title="wikilink">Herbert Quandt</a>, <a href="Johanna_Quandt" title="wikilink">Johanna Quandt</a>, <a href="Stefan_Quandt" title="wikilink">Stefan Quandt</a>, <a href="Susanne_Klatten" title="wikilink">Susanne Klatten</a></td> <td>| (2019)</td> <td><a href="BMW" title="wikilink">BMW</a></td> <td>Almanya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Pritzker" title="wikilink">Pritzker</a><a href="#fn27" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref27" role="doc-noteref">27</a></td> <td><a href="Thomas_Pritzker" title="wikilink">Thomas Pritzker</a>, <a href="John_Pritzker" title="wikilink">John Pritzker</a>, <a href="Daniel_Pritzker" title="wikilink">Daniel Pritzker</a>, <a href="Gigi_Pritzker" title="wikilink">Jean (Gigi) Pritzker Pucker</a>, <a href="Jennifer_N._Pritzker" title="wikilink">Jennifer N. Pritzker</a>, <a href="Linda_Pritzker" title="wikilink">Linda Pritzker</a>, <a href="Karen_Pritzker" title="wikilink">Karen Pritzker</a>-Vlock, <a href="Matthew_Pritzker" title="wikilink">Matthew Pritzker</a>, <a href="Liesel_Matthews" title="wikilink">Liesel Pritzker Simmons</a>, <a href="Penny_Pritzker" title="wikilink">Penny Pritzker</a>-Traubert, <a href="Anthony_Pritzker" title="wikilink">Anthony Pritzker</a>, <a href="J._B._Pritzker" title="wikilink">Jay Robert Pritzker</a>, <a href="Nicholas_J._Pritzker" title="wikilink">Nicholas J. Pritzker</a></td> <td>| (2019)</td> <td><a href="Hyatt" title="wikilink">Hyatt Corporation</a>, <a href="Marmon_Group" title="wikilink">Marmon Group</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Pinault ailesi</td> <td><a href="Francois_Pinault" title="wikilink">Francois Pinault</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Kering" title="wikilink">Kering</a></td> <td>Fransa</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Mulliez" title="wikilink">Mulliez</a><a href="#fn28" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref28" role="doc-noteref">28</a></td> <td><a href="Gérard_Mulliez" title="wikilink">Gérard Mulliez</a>, <a href="Michel_Leclercq" title="wikilink">Michel Leclercq</a></td> <td><a href="#fn29" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref29" role="doc-noteref">29</a> (2019)</td> <td><a href="Auchan" title="wikilink">Auchan</a>, <a href="Decathlon_(retailer)" title="wikilink">Decathlon</a>, <a href="Association_Familiale_Mulliez" title="wikilink">Association Familiale Mulliez</a>, and hundreds of other family members</td> <td>Fransa</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="S._C._Johnson_family" title="wikilink">S. C. Johnson</a><a href="#fn30" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref30" role="doc-noteref">30</a></td> <td><a href="S._Curtis_Johnson" title="wikilink">S. Curtis Johnson</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="S._C._Johnson_&_Son" title="wikilink">S. C. Johnson & Son</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Albrecht_family" title="wikilink">Albrecht</a><a href="#fn31" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref31" role="doc-noteref">31</a></td> <td><a href="Berthold_Albrecht" title="wikilink">Berthold Albrecht</a>, <a href="Theo_Albrecht" title="wikilink">Theo Albrecht</a>, <a href="Karl_Albrecht" title="wikilink">Karl Albrecht</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Aldi" title="wikilink">Aldi</a>, <a href="Trader_Joe" title="wikilink">Trader Joe</a></td> <td>Almanya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Rausing_family" title="wikilink">Rausing</a><a href="#fn32" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref32" role="doc-noteref">32</a></td> <td><a href="Hans_Rausing" title="wikilink">Hans Rausing</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Tetra_Laval" title="wikilink">Tetra Laval</a></td> <td>Britanya / İsveç<a href="#fn33" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref33" role="doc-noteref">33</a></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Hartono_family" title="wikilink">Hartono</a><a href="#fn34" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref34" role="doc-noteref">34</a></td> <td><a href="Robert_Budi_Hartono" title="wikilink">Robert Budi Hartono</a>, <a href="Michael_Bambang_Hartono" title="wikilink">Michael Bambang Hartono</a>, Armand Wahyudi Hartono, Martin Hartono, Victor Hartono</td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Djarum" title="wikilink">Djarum</a>, <a href="Bank_Central_Asia" title="wikilink">Bank Central Asia</a></td> <td>Endonezya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Lauder_family" title="wikilink">Lauder</a><a href="#fn35" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref35" role="doc-noteref">35</a></td> <td><a href="Estée_Lauder_(businesswoman)" title="wikilink">Estée Lauder</a>, <a href="Ronald_Lauder" title="wikilink">Ronald Lauder</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Estée_Lauder_Companies" title="wikilink">Estée Lauder Companies</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Hoffmann_family" title="wikilink">Hoffmann</a>/<a href="Oeri_family" title="wikilink">Oeri</a><a href="#fn36" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref36" role="doc-noteref">36</a></td> <td><a href="Fritz_Hoffmann-La_Roche" title="wikilink">Fritz Hoffmann-La Roche</a>, <a href="André_Hoffmann" title="wikilink">André Hoffmann</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Hoffmann-La_Roche" title="wikilink">Roche pharmaceuticals</a></td> <td>İsviçre</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Ferrero_family" title="wikilink">Ferrero</a><a href="#fn37" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref37" role="doc-noteref">37</a><a href="#fn38" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref38" role="doc-noteref">38</a></td> <td><a href="Michele_Ferrero" title="wikilink">Michele Ferrero</a>, <a href="Maria_Franca_Fissolo" title="wikilink">Maria Franca Fissolo</a>, <a href="Giovanni_Ferrero" title="wikilink">Giovanni Ferrero</a>, <a href="Pietro_Ferrero_Jr." title="wikilink">Pietro Ferrero Jr.</a></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Ferrero_SpA" title="wikilink">Ferrero SpA</a></td> <td>İtalya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Marinho_family" title="wikilink">Marinho</a><a href="#fn39" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref39" role="doc-noteref">39</a></td> <td><a href="Roberto_Irineu_Marinho" title="wikilink">Roberto Irineu Marinho</a>, <a href="José_Roberto_Marinho" title="wikilink">José Roberto Marinho</a>, <a href="João_Roberto_Marinho" title="wikilink">João Roberto Marinho</a></td> <td>(2004)</td> <td><a href="Grupo_Globo" title="wikilink">Grupo Globo</a>, <a href="Rede_Globo" title="wikilink">Rede Globo</a></td> <td>Brezilya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Henkel_family" title="wikilink">Henkel</a><a href="#fn40" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref40" role="doc-noteref">40</a></td> <td><a href="Friedrich_Karl_Henkel" title="wikilink">Friedrich Karl Henkel</a>, <a href="Simone_Bagel-Trah" title="wikilink">Simone Bagel-Trah</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Henkel" title="wikilink">Henkel</a></td> <td>Almanya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Hearst_family" title="wikilink">Hearst</a><a href="#fn41" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref41" role="doc-noteref">41</a></td> <td><a href="William_Randolph_Hearst" title="wikilink">William Randolph Hearst</a> and <a href=":Category:Hearst_family" title="wikilink">numerous others</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Hearst_Corporation" title="wikilink">Hearst Corporation</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Dassault_family" title="wikilink">Dassault</a><a href="#fn42" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref42" role="doc-noteref">42</a></td> <td><a href="Serge_Dassault" title="wikilink">Serge Dassault</a>, <a href="Olivier_Dassault" title="wikilink">Olivier Dassault</a>, <a href="Laurent_Dassault" title="wikilink">Laurent Dassault</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="Dassault_Group" title="wikilink">Dassault Group</a>, diversified</td> <td>Fransa</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Schaeffler_family" title="wikilink">Schaeffler</a><a href="#fn43" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref43" role="doc-noteref">43</a></td> <td><a href="Georg_F._W._Schaeffler" title="wikilink">Georg F. W. Schaeffler</a> (Georg Schaeffler Jr.), <a href="Maria-Elisabeth_Schaeffler" title="wikilink">Maria-Elisabeth Schaeffler</a>, <a href="Georg_Schaeffler_Sr." title="wikilink">Georg Schaeffler Sr.</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Schaeffler_Group" title="wikilink">Schaeffler Group</a></td> <td>Almanya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Perry_Richardson_Bass" title="wikilink">Bass</a><a href="#fn44" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref44" role="doc-noteref">44</a></td> <td><a href="Sid_Bass" title="wikilink">Sid Bass</a>, <a href="Ed_Bass" title="wikilink">Ed Bass</a>, <a href="Robert_Bass" title="wikilink">Robert Bass</a>, <a href="Lee_Bass" title="wikilink">Lee Bass</a>, <a href="Hyatt_Bass" title="wikilink">Hyatt Bass</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Oak_Hill_Capital" title="wikilink">Oak Hill Capital</a>, <a href="Energy" title="wikilink">Energy</a>, <a href="Land_development" title="wikilink">Development</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Lee_(Shau_Kee)" title="wikilink">Lee (Shau Kee)</a><a href="#fn45" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref45" role="doc-noteref">45</a></td> <td><a href="Lee_Shau_Kee" title="wikilink">Lee Shau Kee</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Henderson_Land_Development" title="wikilink">Henderson Land Development</a></td> <td>Hong Kong</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Brenninkmeijer_family" title="wikilink">Brenninkmeijer</a><a href="#fn46" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref46" role="doc-noteref">46</a></td> <td>Clemens Brenninkmeijer, August Brenninkmeyer, <a href="Stephan_Brenninkmeijer" title="wikilink">Stephan Brenninkmeijer</a>, <a href="Philippe_Brenninkmeyer" title="wikilink">Philippe Brenninkmeyer</a>, Erik Brenninkmeijer</td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Cofra_Group" title="wikilink">Cofra Group</a>, <a href="C&A" title="wikilink">C&A</a></td> <td>Almanya / Hollonda</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Cheng_Family" title="wikilink">Cheng</a><a href="#fn47" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref47" role="doc-noteref">47</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td></td> <td>Hong Kong</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Duncan_family" title="wikilink">Duncan</a><a href="#fn48" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref48" role="doc-noteref">48</a></td> <td><a href="Dan_Duncan" title="wikilink">Dan Duncan</a>, <a href="Randa_Williams" title="wikilink">Randa Williams</a>, <a href="Milane_Frantz" title="wikilink">Milane Frantz</a>, <a href="Dannine_Avara" title="wikilink">Dannine Avara</a>, <a href="Scott_Duncan_(businessman)" title="wikilink">Scott_Duncan</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Enterprise_Products" title="wikilink">Enterprise Products</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Sy_family" title="wikilink">Sy</a><a href="#fn49" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref49" role="doc-noteref">49</a></td> <td><a href="Henry_Sy" title="wikilink">Henry Sy</a>, <a href="Teresita_Sy_Coson" title="wikilink">Teresita Sy Coson</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="SM_Investments_Corporation" title="wikilink">SM Investments Corporation</a></td> <td>Filipinler</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Safra_family" title="wikilink">Safra</a><a href="#fn50" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref50" role="doc-noteref">50</a></td> <td><a href="Joseph_Safra" title="wikilink">Joseph Safra</a>, <a href="Moise_Safra" title="wikilink">Moise Safra</a>, <a href="Lily_Safra" title="wikilink">Lily Safra</a></td> <td>(2018)</td> <td><a href="Fibria" title="wikilink">Fibria</a>, <a href="Chiquita_Brands_International" title="wikilink">Chiquita Brands International</a>, <a href="Safra_Group" title="wikilink">Safra Group</a>, <a href="Banco_Safra" title="wikilink">Banco Safra</a>, <a href="J._Safra_Sarasin" title="wikilink">J. Safra Sarasin</a>, <a href="Safra_National_Bank_of_New_York" title="wikilink">Safra National Bank of New York</a></td> <td>Brezilya / Lübnan / Suriye / İsviçre</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Powell-Jobs<a href="#fn51" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref51" role="doc-noteref">51</a></td> <td><a href="Laurene_Powell_Jobs" title="wikilink">Laurene Powell Jobs</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Apple_Inc." title="wikilink">Apple Inc.</a> and <a href="Disney" title="wikilink">Disney</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Persson<a href="#fn52" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref52" role="doc-noteref">52</a></td> <td><a href="Erling_Persson" title="wikilink">Erling Persson</a>, <a href="Stefan_Persson_(magnate)" title="wikilink">Stefan Persson</a>, <a href="Karl-Johan_Persson" title="wikilink">Karl-Johan Persson</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="H&M" title="wikilink">H&M</a></td> <td>İsveç</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Chirathivat_family" title="wikilink">Chirathivat</a><a href="#fn53" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref53" role="doc-noteref">53</a></td> <td><a href="Tiang_Chirathivat" title="wikilink">Tiang Chirathivat</a> (Cheng)</td> <td>(2017)</td> <td>Retail</td> <td>Tayland</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Kwek-Quek<a href="#fn54" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref54" role="doc-noteref">54</a></td> <td><a href="Kwek_Hong_Png" title="wikilink">Kwek Hong Png</a>, <a href="Kwek_Leng_Beng" title="wikilink">Kwek Leng Beng</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Hong_Leong_Financial_Group" title="wikilink">Hong Leong group</a></td> <td>Singapur / Çin / Malezya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Newhouse<a href="#fn55" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref55" role="doc-noteref">55</a></td> <td><a href="Samuel_Irving_Newhouse_Jr." title="wikilink">Samuel Irving Newhouse Jr.</a>, <a href="Donald_Newhouse" title="wikilink">Donald Newhouse</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Advance_Publications" title="wikilink">Advance Publications</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Tsai (Wan-Tsai)<a href="#fn56" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref56" role="doc-noteref">56</a></td> <td><a href="Tsai_Wan-lin" title="wikilink">Tsai Wan-lin</a>, <a href="Tsai_Hong-tu" title="wikilink">Tsai Hong-tu</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Cathay_United_Bank" title="wikilink">Cathay United Bank</a>, <a href="Cathay_Life_Insurance" title="wikilink">Cathay Life Insurance</a></td> <td>Tayvan</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Merck_family" title="wikilink">Merck</a><a href="#fn57" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref57" role="doc-noteref">57</a></td> <td><a href="Friedrich_Jacob_Merck" title="wikilink">Friedrich Jacob Merck</a>, <a href="Heinrich_Emanuel_Merck" title="wikilink">Heinrich Emanuel Merck</a>, Frank Stangenberg-Haverkamp</td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Merck_Group" title="wikilink">Merck Group</a>, <a href="Merck_&_Co." title="wikilink">Merck & Co.</a>, <a href="H._J._Merck_&_Co." title="wikilink">H. J. Merck & Co.</a></td> <td>Almanya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Mittal<a href="#fn58" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref58" role="doc-noteref">58</a></td> <td><a href="Lakshmi_Mittal" title="wikilink">Lakshmi Mittal</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="ArcelorMittal" title="wikilink">ArcelorMittal</a></td> <td>Hindistan</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Dorrance<a href="#fn59" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref59" role="doc-noteref">59</a></td> <td><a href="Dorrance_Hill_Hamilton" title="wikilink">Dorrance Hill Hamilton</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Campbell_Soup_Company" title="wikilink">Campbell Soup Company</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Premji<a href="#fn60" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref60" role="doc-noteref">60</a></td> <td>Mohamed Premji, <a href="Azim_Premji" title="wikilink">Azim Premji</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td>Diversified</td> <td>Hindistan</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Heineken<a href="#fn61" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref61" role="doc-noteref">61</a></td> <td><a href="Freddy_Heineken" title="wikilink">Freddy Heineken</a>, <a href="Charlene_de_Carvalho-Heineken" title="wikilink">Charlene de Carvalho-Heineken</a>, <a href="Michel_de_Carvalho" title="wikilink">Michel de Carvalho</a>,</td> <td>(2019)</td> <td><a href="Heineken_N.V." title="wikilink">Heineken N.V.</a></td> <td>Hollonda</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Kuok family|Kuok<a href="#fn62" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref62" role="doc-noteref">62</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Kuok_Group" title="wikilink">Kuok Group</a></td> <td>Malezya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Reuben<a href="#fn63" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref63" role="doc-noteref">63</a></td> <td><a href="David_and_Simon_Reuben" title="wikilink">David Reuben, Simon Reuben</a></td> <td></td> <td>Real estate, financial services, commodity trading</td> <td>İngiltere</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Mistry<a href="#fn64" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref64" role="doc-noteref">64</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Shapoorji_Pallonji_Group" title="wikilink">Shapoorji Pallonji Group</a></td> <td>Hindistan</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Ermirio de Moraes<a href="#fn65" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref65" role="doc-noteref">65</a></td> <td><a href="Antônio_Ermírio_de_Moraes" title="wikilink">Antônio Ermírio de Moraes</a>, <a href="Ermirio_Pereira_de_Moraes" title="wikilink">Ermirio Pereira de Moraes</a>, <a href="Maria_Helena_Moraes_Scripilliti" title="wikilink">Maria Helena Moraes Scripilliti</a></td> <td>(2004)</td> <td><a href="Votorantim" title="wikilink">Votorantim</a></td> <td>Brezilya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Otto<a href="#fn66" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref66" role="doc-noteref">66</a></td> <td><a href="Werner_Otto_(entrepreneur)" title="wikilink">Werner Otto</a>, <a href="Michael_Otto_(businessman)" title="wikilink">Michael Otto</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Otto_Group" title="wikilink">Otto Group</a></td> <td>Almanya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Chung<a href="#fn67" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref67" role="doc-noteref">67</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Hyundai_Group" title="wikilink">Hyundai</a></td> <td>Güney Kore</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Ziff<a href="#fn68" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref68" role="doc-noteref">68</a></td> <td><a href="Daniel_M._Ziff" title="wikilink">Daniel M. Ziff</a>, <a href="Dirk_Edward_Ziff" title="wikilink">Dirk Edward Ziff</a>, <a href="Robert_D._Ziff" title="wikilink">Robert D. Ziff</a>, <a href="William_Bernard_Ziff_Jr." title="wikilink">William Bernard Ziff Jr.</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td>Publishing, <a href="Ziff_Davis" title="wikilink">Ziff Davis</a>, Ziff Brothers Investments</td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Sawiris_family" title="wikilink">Sawiris</a></td> <td><a href="Onsi_Sawiris" title="wikilink">Onsi Sawiris</a>, <a href="Naguib_Sawiris" title="wikilink">Naguib Sawiris</a>, <a href="Nassef_Sawiris" title="wikilink">Nassef Sawiris</a>, <a href="Samih_Sawiris" title="wikilink">Samih Sawiris</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Orascom_Construction_Industries" title="wikilink">Orascom Construction Industries</a>, <a href="Orascom_Telecom_Holding" title="wikilink">Orascom Telecom Holding</a>, Orascom Development, Orascom Group</td> <td>Mısır</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Du_Pont_family" title="wikilink">Du Pont</a><a href="#fn69" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref69" role="doc-noteref">69</a></td> <td><a href="Du_Pont_family#Alphabetical_list_of_selected_descendants_of_Pierre_Samuel_du_Pont_de_Nemours" title="wikilink">List of family members</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Real_estate" title="wikilink">Real estate</a>, <a href="DuPont_(1802-2017)" title="wikilink">DuPont Chemical Company</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Saji<a href="#fn70" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref70" role="doc-noteref">70</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Suntory" title="wikilink">Suntory</a></td> <td>Japonya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Damani<a href="#fn71" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref71" role="doc-noteref">71</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2019)</td> <td>Investments, Retail</td> <td>Hindistan</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Birla_family" title="wikilink">Birla</a><a href="#fn72" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref72" role="doc-noteref">72</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td>commodities</td> <td>Hindistan</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Godrej<a href="#fn73" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref73" role="doc-noteref">73</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Godrej_Group" title="wikilink">Godrej Group</a></td> <td>Hindistan</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Hunt<a href="#fn74" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref74" role="doc-noteref">74</a></td> <td><a href="H._L._Hunt" title="wikilink">H. L. Hunt</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Hunt_Oil_Company" title="wikilink">Hunt Oil Company</a>, <a href="Hunt_Petroleum" title="wikilink">Hunt Petroleum</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Goldman<a href="#fn75" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref75" role="doc-noteref">75</a></td> <td><a href="Sol_Goldman" title="wikilink">Sol Goldman</a>, <a href="Amy_Goldman_Fowler" title="wikilink">Amy Goldman Fowler</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Solil_Management" title="wikilink">Solil Management</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Bertarelli<a href="#fn76" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref76" role="doc-noteref">76</a></td> <td><a href="Ernesto_Bertarelli" title="wikilink">Ernesto Bertarelli</a></td> <td>(2018)</td> <td><a href="Serono" title="wikilink">Serono</a></td> <td>İtalya/ İsviçre</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Busch<a href="#fn77" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref77" role="doc-noteref">77</a></td> <td><a href="Adolphus_Busch" title="wikilink">Adolphus Busch</a>, <a href="Adolphus_Busch_III" title="wikilink">Adolphus Busch III</a>, <a href="August_Anheuser_Busch_Sr." title="wikilink">August Anheuser Busch Sr.</a>, <a href="August_Busch_III" title="wikilink">August Busch III</a>, <a href="August_Busch_IV" title="wikilink">August Busch IV</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Anheuser-Busch" title="wikilink">Anheuser-Busch</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Pao<a href="#fn78" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref78" role="doc-noteref">78</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="BW_Group" title="wikilink">BW Group</a></td> <td>Hong Kong</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Agnelli_family" title="wikilink">Agnelli</a><a href="#fn79" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref79" role="doc-noteref">79</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2014)</td> <td><a href="Exor_(company)" title="wikilink">Exor</a></td> <td>İtalya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Yoovidhya<a href="#fn80" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref80" role="doc-noteref">80</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td>Drinks</td> <td>Tayland</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Sackler_family" title="wikilink">Sackler</a><a href="#fn81" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref81" role="doc-noteref">81</a></td> <td><a href="Arthur_M._Sackler" title="wikilink">Arthur M. Sackler</a>, <a href="Mortimer_Sackler" title="wikilink">Mortimer Sackler</a>, <a href="Raymond_Sackler" title="wikilink">Raymond Sackler</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Purdue_Pharma" title="wikilink">Purdue Pharma</a>, <a href="Oxycontin" title="wikilink">Oxycontin</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Dangote<a href="#fn82" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref82" role="doc-noteref">82</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Dangote_Group" title="wikilink">Dangote Group</a></td> <td>Nijerya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Jacobs<a href="#fn83" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref83" role="doc-noteref">83</a></td> <td>Johann Jacobs, Walther J. Jacobs, <a href="Klaus_Johann_Jacobs" title="wikilink">Klaus Johann Jacobs</a></td> <td>(2018)</td> <td><a href="Jacobs_(coffee)" title="wikilink">Jacobs</a>, <a href="Barry_Callebaut" title="wikilink">Barry Callebaut</a>, <a href="The_Adecco_Group" title="wikilink">The Adecco Group</a></td> <td>Almanya / İsviçre</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Schindler<a href="#fn84" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref84" role="doc-noteref">84</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2018)</td> <td><a href="Schindler_Group" title="wikilink">Schindler Group</a></td> <td>İsviçre</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Moreira Salles<a href="#fn85" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref85" role="doc-noteref">85</a></td> <td>Moreira Salles, <a href="João_Moreira_Salles" title="wikilink">João Moreira Salles</a>, <a href="Walter_Moreira_Salles" title="wikilink">Walter Moreira Salles</a>, <a href="Pedro_Moreira_Salles" title="wikilink">Pedro Moreira Salles</a>, Fernando Roberto, <a href="Walter_Salles" title="wikilink">Walter Moreira Salles Jr.</a></td> <td>12.4 (2004)</td> <td>Bankacılık</td> <td>Brezilya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Ofer<a href="#fn86" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref86" role="doc-noteref">86</a><a href="#fn87" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref87" role="doc-noteref">87</a></td> <td><a href="Sammy_Ofer" title="wikilink">Sammy Ofer</a>, <a href="Eyal_Ofer" title="wikilink">Eyal Ofer</a>, <a href="Idan_Ofer" title="wikilink">Idan Ofer</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td>Çeşitli</td> <td>İsrail</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Weston_family" title="wikilink">Weston</a><a href="#fn88" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref88" role="doc-noteref">88</a></td> <td>Guy Weston, George Weston, Galen Jr Weston</td> <td>(2013)</td> <td><a href="Loblaw" title="wikilink">Loblaw</a> supermarket chain, <a href="George_Weston_Limited" title="wikilink">George Weston Limited</a></td> <td>İrlanda</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Brown<a href="#fn89" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref89" role="doc-noteref">89</a></td> <td><a href="George_Garvin_Brown_IV" title="wikilink">George Garvin Brown IV</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Brown-Forman" title="wikilink">Brown-Forman</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Marshall<a href="#fn90" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref90" role="doc-noteref">90</a></td> <td><a href="J._Howard_Marshall_II" title="wikilink">J. Howard Marshall II</a>, <a href="Elaine_Tettemer_Marshall" title="wikilink">Elaine Tettemer Marshall</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Koch_Industries" title="wikilink">Koch Industries</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Mellon_family" title="wikilink">Mellon</a><a href="#fn91" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref91" role="doc-noteref">91</a></td> <td><a href="Andrew_Mellon" title="wikilink">Andrew Mellon</a>, <a href="Matthew_Mellon" title="wikilink">Matthew Mellon</a>, <a href="Christopher_Mellon" title="wikilink">Christopher Mellon</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Mellon_Bank" title="wikilink">Mellon Bank</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Thiele<a href="#fn92" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref92" role="doc-noteref">92</a></td> <td><a href="Heinz_Hermann_Thiele" title="wikilink">Heinz Hermann Thiele</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Knorr-Bremse" title="wikilink">Knorr-Bremse</a>, <a href="Vossloh" title="wikilink">Vossloh</a></td> <td>Almanya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Butt<a href="#fn93" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref93" role="doc-noteref">93</a></td> <td><a href="Charles_Butt" title="wikilink">Charles Butt</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="H-E-B" title="wikilink">HEB Grocery Company</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Kadoorie<a href="#fn94" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref94" role="doc-noteref">94</a></td> <td><a href="Michael_Kadoorie" title="wikilink">Michael Kadoorie</a></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="CLP_Group" title="wikilink">CLP Holding</a></td> <td>Hong Kong</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Dos Santos<a href="#fn95" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref95" role="doc-noteref">95</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td></td> <td>Angola</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Rockefeller_family" title="wikilink">Rockefeller</a><a href="#fn96" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref96" role="doc-noteref">96</a></td> <td><a href="Rockefeller_family#Members" title="wikilink">List of family members</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Standard_Oil_Company" title="wikilink">Standard Oil Company</a>, <a href="Chase_Manhattan_Bank" title="wikilink">Chase Manhattan Bank</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Würth<a href="#fn97" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref97" role="doc-noteref">97</a></td> <td>Adolf Würth, <a href="Reinhold_Würth" title="wikilink">Reinhold Würth</a>, Bettina Würth</td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="Würth" title="wikilink">Würth Gruppe</a></td> <td>Almanya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Gallo_family" title="wikilink">Gallo</a><a href="#fn98" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref98" role="doc-noteref">98</a></td> <td><a href="Ernest_Gallo" title="wikilink">Ernest Gallo</a>, <a href="Julio_Gallo" title="wikilink">Julio Gallo</a></td> <td>(2016)</td> <td><a href="E_&_J_Gallo_Winery" title="wikilink">E & J Gallo Winery</a></td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Saputo<a href="#fn99" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref99" role="doc-noteref">99</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Saputo_Inc." title="wikilink">Saputo Inc.</a>, <a href="Transforce" title="wikilink">Transforce</a></td> <td>Kanada</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Blocher<a href="#fn100" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref100" role="doc-noteref">100</a></td> <td><a href="Christoph_Blocher" title="wikilink">Christoph Blocher</a>, <a href="Magdalena_Martullo-Blocher" title="wikilink">Magdalena Martullo-Blocher</a>, Markus Blocher</td> <td>(2018)</td> <td><a href="Ems-Chemie" title="wikilink">Ems-Chemie</a>, Dottikon ES</td> <td>İsviçre</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Widjaja<a href="#fn101" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref101" role="doc-noteref">101</a></td> <td><a href="Eka_Tjipta_Widjaja" title="wikilink">Eka Tjipta Widjaja</a>, Frankie Widjaja, Franky Oesman Widjaja, Teguh Ganda Widjaja, Indra Widjaja, Sukmawati Widjaja</td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Sinar_Mas_Group" title="wikilink">Sinar Mas Group</a></td> <td>Endonezya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Gurserievs<a href="#fn102" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref102" role="doc-noteref">102</a></td> <td></td> <td>9.8 (2016)</td> <td><a href="BIN_Group" title="wikilink">BIN Group</a></td> <td>Rusya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><a href="Grosvenor_family" title="wikilink">Grosvenor</a><a href="#fn103" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref103" role="doc-noteref">103</a></td> <td><a href="Hugh_Grosvenor,_7th_Duke_of_Westminster" title="wikilink">Hugh Grosvenor, 7th Duke of Westminster</a></td> <td>9.5 (euros, 2017)</td> <td><a href="Grosvenor_Group" title="wikilink">Grosvenor Group</a></td> <td>Britanya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Aponte<a href="#fn104" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref104" role="doc-noteref">104</a></td> <td><a href="Gianluigi_Aponte" title="wikilink">Gianluigi Aponte</a></td> <td>9.5 (2018)</td> <td><a href="Mediterranean_Shipping_Company" title="wikilink">Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC)</a></td> <td>İtalya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Liebherr<a href="#fn105" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref105" role="doc-noteref">105</a></td> <td>Hans Liebherr, Hans Liebherr jr., <a href="Willi_Liebherr" title="wikilink">Willi Liebherr</a>, <a href="Markus_Liebherr" title="wikilink">Markus Liebherr</a>, <a href="Isolde_Liebherr" title="wikilink">Isolde Liebherr</a>, Hubert Liebherr</td> <td>9.5 (2018)</td> <td><a href="Liebherr_Group" title="wikilink">Liebherr Group</a></td> <td>Almanya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Bajaj<a href="#fn106" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref106" role="doc-noteref">106</a></td> <td></td> <td>9.3 (2017)</td> <td><a href="Bajaj_Group" title="wikilink">Bajaj Group</a></td> <td>Hindistan</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Rogers<a href="#fn107" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref107" role="doc-noteref">107</a></td> <td></td> <td>9.13 (2017)</td> <td><a href="Rogers_Communications" title="wikilink">Rogers Communications</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Salim<a href="#fn108" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref108" role="doc-noteref">108</a></td> <td><a href="Sudono_Salim" title="wikilink">Sudono Salim</a>, Anthony Salim, Axton Salim</td> <td>8.8 (2017)</td> <td><a href="Salim_Group" title="wikilink">Salim Group</a></td> <td>Endonezya</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Ng<a href="#fn109" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref109" role="doc-noteref">109</a></td> <td><a href="Ng_Teng_Fong" title="wikilink">Ng Teng Fong</a>, <a href="Robert_Ng" title="wikilink">Robert Ng</a>, <a href="Philip_Ng" title="wikilink">Philip Ng</a></td> <td>(2015)</td> <td><a href="Far_East_Organization" title="wikilink">Far East Organization</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Koo (LG)<a href="#fn110" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref110" role="doc-noteref">110</a></td> <td></td> <td>8.7 (2017)</td> <td><a href="LG_Corporation" title="wikilink">LG Corporation</a></td> <td>Kore</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Lohia<a href="#fn111" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref111" role="doc-noteref">111</a></td> <td>Sri Prakash Lohia</td> <td>8.68 (2017)</td> <td><a href="Indorama_Corporation" title="wikilink">Indorama Corporation</a></td> <td>Endonezya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Lee Man Tat<a href="#fn112" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref112" role="doc-noteref">112</a></td> <td></td> <td>8.4 (2017)</td> <td>Food industry</td> <td>Hong Kong</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Haniel<a href="#fn113" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref113" role="doc-noteref">113</a></td> <td>Franz Markus Haniel</td> <td>(2017)</td> <td><a href="Franz_Haniel_&_Cie." title="wikilink">Franz Haniel & Cie.</a>, <a href="Metro_AG" title="wikilink">Metro AG</a>, CWS-boco Gruppe</td> <td>Almanya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Koç_ailesi" title="wikilink">Koç</a><a href="#fn114" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref114" role="doc-noteref">114</a></td> <td><a href="Semahat_Sevim_Arsel" title="wikilink">Semahat Sevim Arsel</a>, <a href="Rahmi_Koç" title="wikilink">Rahmi Koç</a>, <a href="Suna_Kıraç" title="wikilink">Suna Kıraç</a>, <a href="Mustafa_Vehbi_Koç" title="wikilink">Mustafa Vehbi Koç</a>, <a href="Mehmet_Ömer_Koç" title="wikilink">Mehmet Ömer Koç</a>, <a href="Ali_Yıldırım_Koç" title="wikilink">Ali Yıldırım Koç</a></td> <td>8 (2016)</td> <td><a href="Koç_Holding" title="wikilink">Koç Holding</a></td> <td>Türkiye</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Şahenk<a href="#fn115" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref115" role="doc-noteref">115</a></td> <td></td> <td>7-8 (2016)</td> <td><a href="Doğuş_Holding" title="wikilink">Doğuş Holding</a></td> <td>Türkiye</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td><a href="Sabancı_ailesi" title="wikilink">Sabancı</a><a href="#fn116" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref116" role="doc-noteref">116</a></td> <td><a href="Hacı_Ömer_Sabancı" title="wikilink">Hacı Ömer Sabancı</a>, <a href="İhsan_Sabancı" title="wikilink">İhsan Sabancı</a>, <a href="Güler_Sabancı" title="wikilink">Güler Sabancı</a>, <a href="Sevgi_Sabancı" title="wikilink">Sevgi Sabancı</a>, <a href="Sakıp_Sabancı" title="wikilink">Sakıp Sabancı</a>, <a href="Sevil_Sabancı" title="wikilink">Sevil Sabancı</a>, <a href="Ömer_Sabancı" title="wikilink">Ömer Sabancı</a>, <a href="Mehmet_Sabancı" title="wikilink">Mehmet Sabancı</a>, <a href="Şevket_Sabancı" title="wikilink">Şevket Sabancı</a>, <a href="Ali_Sabancı" title="wikilink">Ali Sabancı</a>, <a href="Özdemir_Sabancı" title="wikilink">Özdemir Sabancı</a>, <a href="Demir_Sabancı" title="wikilink">Demir Sabancı</a></td> <td>7-8 (for each one of Şevket, <a href="Erol_Sabanci" title="wikilink">Erol</a>, and Türkan's families) (2016)</td> <td><a href="Sabancı_Holding" title="wikilink">Sabancı Holding</a></td> <td>Türkiye</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Simmons<a href="#fn117" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref117" role="doc-noteref">117</a></td> <td><a href="Harold_Simmons" title="wikilink">Harold Simmons</a></td> <td>(2013)</td> <td>Titanium investments</td> <td>Amerika</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Olayan<a href="#fn118" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref118" role="doc-noteref">118</a></td> <td></td> <td>(2017)</td> <td>Diversified, inheritance</td> <td>Suudi Arabistan</td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Camargo<a href="#fn119" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref119" role="doc-noteref">119</a></td> <td>Rossana Camargo de Arruda Botelho, Renata de Camargo Nascimento, Regina de Camargo Pires Oliveira Dias</td> <td>8 (2004)</td> <td>conglomerate <a href="Camargo_Corrêa" title="wikilink">Camargo Corrêa</a></td> <td>Brezilya</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Stryker<a href="#fn120" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref120" role="doc-noteref">120</a></td> <td><a href="Homer_Stryker" title="wikilink">Homer Stryker</a>, <a href="Ronda_Stryker" title="wikilink">Ronda Stryker</a>, <a href="Pat_Stryker" title="wikilink">Pat Stryker</a>, <a href="Jon_Stryker" title="wikilink">Jon Stryker</a></td> <td>(2015)</td> <td><a href="Stryker_Corporation" title="wikilink">Stryker Corporation</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Law<a href="#fn121" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref121" role="doc-noteref">121</a></td> <td></td> <td>7.8 (2017)</td> <td><a href="Bossini" title="wikilink">Bossini</a></td> <td>Hong Kong</td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Heraeus<a href="#fn122" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref122" role="doc-noteref">122</a></td> <td>Wilhelm Carl Heraeus, Jürgen Heraeus, Jan Rinnert</td> <td>7.7 (2017)</td> <td><a href="Heraeus" title="wikilink">Heraeus</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Jindal<a href="#fn123" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref123" role="doc-noteref">123</a></td> <td><a href="Savitri_Jindal" title="wikilink">Savitri Jindal</a>, <a href="Naveen_Jindal" title="wikilink">Naveen Jindal</a> and <a href="Sajjan_Jindal" title="wikilink">Sajjan Jindal</a></td> <td>7.68 (2017)</td> <td><a href="Jindal_Group" title="wikilink">Jindal Group</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td>Irving<a href="#fn124" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref124" role="doc-noteref">124</a></td> <td></td> <td>7.65 (2017)</td> <td><a href="Irving_Oil" title="wikilink">Irving Oil</a>, <a href="J._D._Irving" title="wikilink">J. D. Irving</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td>Mori<a href="#fn125" class="footnote-ref" id="fnref125" role="doc-noteref">125</a></td> <td></td> <td>7.6 (2017)</td> <td><a href="Mori_Building_Company" title="wikilink">Mori Building Company</a></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="odd"> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <section class="footnotes footnotes-end-of-document" role="doc-endnotes"> <hr /> <ol> <li id="fn1" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref1" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn2" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn3" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn4" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref4" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn5" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref5" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn6" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn7" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn8" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn9" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref9" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn10" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref10" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn11" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn12" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn13" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref13" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn14" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref14" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn15" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn16" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn17" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn18" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn19" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref19" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn20" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref20" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn21" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn22" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref22" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn23" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn24" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref24" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn25" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn26" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn27" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn28" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn29" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn30" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn31" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn32" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn33" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn34" role="doc-endnote"><a href="https://www.forbes.com/asia-families/list/#tab:overall">Official list.</a> <a href="#fnref34" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn35" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn36" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn37" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn38" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref38" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn39" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref39" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn40" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref40" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn41" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn42" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref42" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn43" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn44" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn45" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref45" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn46" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn47" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn48" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn49" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn50" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn51" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref51" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn52" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn53" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn54" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn55" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn56" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn57" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn58" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn59" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn60" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref60" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn61" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref61" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn62" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn63" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref63" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn64" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn65" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref65" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn66" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn67" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn68" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn69" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn70" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn71" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref71" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn72" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn73" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn74" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn75" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn76" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn77" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref77" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn78" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn79" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn80" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn81" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn82" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref82" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn83" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn84" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn85" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn86" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref86" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn87" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref87" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn88" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref88" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn89" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn90" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn91" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn92" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn93" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn94" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref94" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn95" role="doc-endnote"><a href="http://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/these-are-some-of-africas-wealthiest-families-id7569308.html">Pulse article</a> <a href="#fnref95" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn96" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn97" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn98" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn99" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn100" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn101" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn102" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn103" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref103" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn104" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn105" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn106" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn107" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn108" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn109" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref109" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn110" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn111" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn112" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn113" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn114" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref114" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn115" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn116" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn117" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref117" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn118" role="doc-endnote"><a href="#fnref118" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn119" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn120" role="doc-endnote">Quote: Sibling heirs Ronda ($3.7B), Pat ($2.2B), and Jon Stryker ($1.93B) ... all became wealthy through Kalamazoo, MI-based Stryker Corp.<a href="#fnref120" class="footnote-back" role="doc-backlink">↩︎</a></li> <li id="fn121" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn122" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn123" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn124" role="doc-endnote"></li> <li id="fn125" role="doc-endnote"></li> </ol> </section>

Tarih

Kraliyet hanedanları ve toprak sahibi aristokrasisi hariç, İtalyan Rönesansında bankacılığın ve erken kapitalizmin ortaya çıkışından bu yana en zengin aileler:

Floransa 'nın Bardi ailesi (14. yüzyıl)
Medici ailesi, Medici Bank 'nın sahibi olarak, 15. yüzyıl Avrupa'sının en zengin ailesi.
15. yüzyılda Medici ailesinin mali ortakları olan Floransalı Gondi ailesi.
Fugger ticari bankacı ve risk sermayesi kapitalistleri, 16. yüzyılın en zengin aileleri arasındaydı.
Welser ailesi, Fugger ile birlikte 16. yüzyıl Avrupası'nın en önemli ticari bankacı ailelerinden biri.
18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda Londra 'da önemli bir ticaret bankası sahibi olan Baring ailesi.
18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda Hamburg 'un önde gelen Hansalı Schröder ailesi.
Bankacı Rothschild ailesi 19. yüzyılın ortalarında en zengin aile oldu.⁴
Goldman-Sachs ailesi, 1869'dan 1912'ye kadar Goldman Sachs yatırım bankasının sahipleri.

Not listesi

Kaynakça

Orijinal kaynak: en zengin ailelerin listesi. Creative Commons Atıf-BenzerPaylaşım Lisansı ile paylaşılmıştır.

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Niall Ferguson, The Ascent of Money (2008), p. 88: "Between 1818 and 1852, the combined capital of the five Rothschild 'houses' (Frankfurt, London, Naples, Paris and Vienna) rose from £1.8 million to £9.5 million. As early as 1825 their combined capital was nine times greater than that of Baring Brothers and the Banque de France. By 1899, at £41 million, it exceeded the capital of the five biggest German joint-stock banks put together." ↩